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With oil past $120 a barrel and possibly headed to $200, cellulosic ethanol companies are looking like a smarter investment choice every day. Following the increase of Range Fuels’ second funding to $166 million, its competitor Mascoma has pulled the wraps off an $81 million funding of its own, with $10 million coming a major oil and gas producer, Marathon Oil Corporation.

Range, Mascoma, Coskata and others are all racing to raise huge amounts in an attempt to bring the world’s first full-scale cellulosic plant online. The stakes are high: If the process proves to be cheap enough, investors will be eager to pour money into new plants. On the other hand, waiting to see if competitors fail won’t be particularly helpful — each company has its own proprietary process.

Mascoma will begin production this year at a demonstration plant in Rome, New York, but is also planning facilities in Michigan and Tennessee. By comparison, its two largest competitors will build a single, big plant each, a bet that could presumably result in a more spectacular success, or failure.

Backing each company is a network of high-profile investors, some of whom overlap. General Motors has investments in both Coskata and Mascoma. Morgan Stanley is with Range Fuels, which also counts Khosla Ventures as an investor — and Khosla has invested in Mascoma, as well. Taking venture fundings and government grants together, Range Fuels is the most heavily funded, Mascoma coming second with just over $200 million now, and Coskata third.

It’s possibility none of the three emerge with a competitively priced product — something that also hinges on whether oil prices continue to climb, or fall back to somewhat saner levels. If all three find their methods too expensive, there is still a constellation of smaller cellulosic startups waiting for their own turn in the spotlight, like Zeachem.

Other investors in the round included Khosla, Flagship Ventures, Atlas Ventures, General Catalyst Partners, Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, Pinnacle Ventures and Vantage Point Venture Partners. Out of the total amount, $20 million was venture debt provided by Pinnacle.

TODAY’S HEADLINES:

• Allegro pulls in $4M for lung-cancer molecular diagnostics (release)
• Ocular bandage developer I-Therapeutix raises $6M (Mass High Tech)
• NanoBio gets last of $30M for skin-infection drugs (release)
• Cayenne Medical raises $15M for sports medicine (release)
• Aridis Pharma seeks $10M for oral-form drugs and vaccines (VentureWire)
• Neurosurgical device maker Nfocus Neuro acquires StarFire Medical (release)

Allegro pulls in $4M for lung-cancer molecular diagnostics – Boston’s Allegro Diagnostics, a biotech developing molecular diagnostics for lung cancer, raised $4 million in a first funding round. Investors included Kodiak Venture Partners, Catalyst Health Ventures and Boston University.

Allegro is commercializing gene-expression tests based on technology developed by two BU researchers, Jerome Brody and Avrum Spira. The company’s Web site and release don’t describe its technology in further detail. Allegro says the funding will allow it to begin human testing of its diagnostic.

Ocular bandage developer I-Therapeutix raises $6M – I-Therapeutix, a Waltham, Mass., device maker focused on using hydrogels as “liquid bandages” for ocular surgeries, expects to close a $6 million second funding round this month, Mass High Tech reports. Investors included Versant Ventures, SV Life Sciences, Pinnacle Ventures and angel investors.

Founded in 2006, I-Therapeutix plans to begin clinical trials of its hydrogel sealant in cataract surgery in the second quarer of this year. The product, called I-Zip, will be compared to ordinary corneal bandages. Ultimately, the startup plans to develop the hydrogel as a mechanism for delivering drugs directly to the eye.

Aridis Pharma seeks $10M for oral-form drugs and vaccines – Aridis Pharmaceuticals, a San Jose, Calif., drug and vaccine developer, aims to raise up to $10 million in a first funding round, VentureWire reports. The company was founded in 2003 by former executives of Aviron, which was acquired by MedImmune in 2002.

Aridis is working to stabilize drugs and vaccines that would otherwise require injections so that they can be delivered via inhalation or swallowing. Its lead candidates include a rotavirus vaccine, an antibody for cystic fibrosis and a new type of antibiotic.

Neurosurgical device maker Nfocus Neuro acquires StarFire Medical – Nfocus Neuromedical, a Palo Alto, Calif., device maker focused on treating hemorrhagic stroke, acquired StarFire Medical, a developer of minimally invasive devices for treating problems in the blood vessels serving the brain. The companies didn’t divulge financial details.

StarFire makes and sells balloon catheters for treating brain-vessel fistulas and aneurysms, both blood-vessel defects that can lead to uncontrolled bleeding. Nfocus makes a different type of device for treating these defects, although it doesn’t appear to have disclosed much about its particular approach.

NanoBio gets last of $30M for skin-infection drugs – NanoBio, an Ann Arbor, Mich., biotech developing new anti-infective drugs, raised the final $10 million of a $30 million equity funding that appears to be the company’s first. Perseus provided the funding. NanoBio’s lead compounds address herpes cold sores and nail fungus.

Mascoma, an East Coast biofuel startup with a multi-pronged approach to commercializing cellulosic ethanol, has just become one of the most heavily funded companies of its kind with a $50 million funding reported by peHUB.

Based in Cambridge, Mass., Mascoma is in the process of building several demonstration-scale ethanol plants in three other states: Michigan, New York and Tennessee. It’s partnered with a variety of different corporations and universities at each location.

What that boils down to is hedging its bets — by experimenting with several different feedstocks and processes, Mascoma is making itself more likely to hit the jackpot, a cost-effective cellulosic ethanol facility. The feedstocks it’s using include wood, switchgrass, and in New York, mixed materials like paper sludge and corn stover.

The $50 million funding was broken into a $30 million venture round and $20 million in debt. Participating were one new investor, General Catalyst Partners, and previous investors Khosla Ventures, Atlas Venture, Flagship Ventures, Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, Pinnacle Ventures and VantagePoint Venture Partners. Including various government grants, the company has taken just over $100 million to date.

TODAY’S HEADLINES:

• Cogentus Pharma raises $63M for blood thinners (release)
• Corthera draws $23M for heart-failure drug (release)
• Nanolymf seeks $2M for drug-delivery tech (release)
• LineaGen pulls in $5.6M for molecular diagnostics (release)

Cogentus Pharma raises $63M for blood thinners — Menlo Park, Calif.-based Cogentus Pharmaceuticals, a specialty pharma developing combined formulations of existing drugs, raised $62.5 million in a third funding round. Investors included Keffi Group, Prospect Venture Partners, Ridgeback Capital, Apothecary Capital and Pinnacle Ventures.

Cogentus aims to combine existing drugs in fixed doses in order to reduce side effects. The company’s lead candidate, CGT-2168, combines the blood thinner clopidogrel with omeprazol, a treatment that reduces gastrointestinal side effects. Cogentus is one of several specialty pharmaceutical companies pursuing this strategy, which does have the potential drawback that doctors may simply prescribe the drugs separately instead of paying extra for the combined formulation. We covered Horizon Therapeutics, which is doing the same thing with pain drugs, here.

Corthera draws $23M for heart-failure drug — San Mateo-based Corthera, a biotech developing a heart drug based on the hormone relaxin, raised $23 million in a third funding round. Investors included Caxton Advantage Life Sciences Fund, Domain Associates and Kleiner, Perkins, Caufield & Byers.

Corthera, formerly known as BAS Medical, hopes to use synthetic relaxin to treat acute heart failure and preeclampsia, a complication of pregnancy. We previously covered the company here.

Farecast.com, the young Seattle start-up that now owns the niche of predicting airfares, and which continues to roll out new features (like letting you guarantee low fares), has raised $12.1 million more.

The round was led by Sutter Hill Ventures, and includes PAR Capital Management, Pinnacle Ventures, and Farecast board member and former Expedia CEO, Erik Blachford. Existing investors, Greylock Partners, Madrona Venture Group, and WRF Capital also participated — it has raised a total of $20.6 million. VP of Marketing Mike Fridgen told VentureBeat earlier today the funds are to help expand the team.

Indeed, this is a lot of cash, but it helps the company keep ahead in an area where some big players may eventually become eager to move.

Mascoma, a start-up that is trying to become the first commercial developer of cellulosic ethanol — something some environmentalists see as the Shangri La of alternative fuel — will announce tomorrow it has raised $30 million more in venture funding.

Funding for the Cambridge, Mass. company was led by General Catalyst Partners, and included Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, Vantage Point Venture Partners, Atlas Venture, and Pinnacle Ventures. Existing investors Khosla Ventures and Flagship Ventures participated.

Khsola Ventures’ Vinod Khosla and Kleiner’s John Doerr between them spent millions to support the Calif. Prop. 87 “oil tax,” which would have funded alternative energy research. It was defeated last week, so this funding suggests they remain undeterred.

Currently, ethanol is made from corn, and is relatively expensive to produce, and remains more expensive than gasoline. But scientists say ethanol can be made much more cheaply by breaking down and converting cellulosic material (grass, wood, agricultural and forestry wastes) into ethanol. Several efforts have experimented with cellulosic production but none have become commercial ventures yet — and experts say it will be a couple of years yet before cellulosic production is ready for primetime. Once ready, it may be blended with, or even displace gasoline entirely.